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Trauma

psychological trauma

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, IV Edition (DSM-IV), more narrowly defines trauma as "extreme traumatic a factor that involves direct personal experience of an event that causes or may cause death or serious injury, or other threats to physical integrity, or presence at an event that involves death, injury, or other threats to physical integrity of another person, or be familiar with the unexpected or violent death, serious injury or threat of death or injuries suffered by a family member or other person with whom you have close relationship. "

types of trauma

1. events occurring directly to the person (without being limited to the following):

military combat, violent personal assault (sexual assault, physical attack, theft, robbery), kidnapping, being taken hostage, terrorist attack, torture, incarceration as a prisoner of war or in a concentration camp, natural disasters or caused serious traffic accidents, receive a diagnosis of life-threatening diseases.

For children, the trauma from sexual point of view can include inappropriate sexual experiences from the perspective of development without violence or injury to real or threatened.

2. events that occurred as witnesses (without being limited to the following): observing the serious injury or unnatural death of another person due to violent assault, accident , war or disaster or unexpectedly confronted with a dead body or parts of a body.

3. events which have become known (without being limited to the following): violent personal assault, serious accident or serious injury suffered by a family member or close friend, to come to the knowledge of sudden death, unexpected, a family member or close friend, or come to the knowledge of a disease threatening the a life of their child. The disorder can be particularly severe and prolonged when the stress is created by man (eg, torture, kidnapping).

response to trauma

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, according to the DSM IV, is more than a month with persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and numbing of general responsiveness, as indicated by the following elements:

ü Efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings or conversations associated with trauma,

ü Efforts to avoid activities, places or people that arouse recollections of the trauma,

ü soaring inability to remember aspects of the trauma,

ü affectivity reduced

ü detachment from others,

ü feelings of a foreshortened future.

are experiencing symptoms such as irritability, depressed mood, difficulty sleeping, difficulty concentrating, exaggerated startle response.

Treatment

EMDR

Scientific research has established that the empirically supported and evidence based treatment for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and EMDR (eye movement desensitization and processing Re) (Shapiro, 1987).

EMDR works on the memory of traumatic experience that helped develop the disease and the current malaise.

is an integrative therapeutic approach, divided into eight phases, in which the bilateral stimulation, and only one of its components.

EMDR is based on alternating stimulation of the two hemispheres of the brain to process information related to traumatic experiences or stressful raw completely.

Cognitive Behavioral Intervention

cognitive behavioral intervention aims to reduce anxiety and other possible symptoms of the traumatic event.

Techniques applied:

Exhibition in pictures: through this technique the subject is exposed to the memory of the trauma through imagery and verbal reports

exposure in vivo : this technique is gradual and controlled in comparison with the anxiety-inducing situations previously avoided the subject;

cognitive restructuring of thoughts : identification and restructuring of distorted beliefs and assumptions about the subject himself, others and the world ;