Stalking: it is now punishable
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Origin of the phenomenon and new legislation
Following the recent approval of the bill by the Council of Ministers, the complex pattern of behavior known as stalking today is punishable under criminal law (art.612 bis persecution)
dates back to 1997, the coinage of the term, English noun derived from the verb to stalk - 's own technical language of the hunt, be translated into language Italian with "doing the mail, hunt still-hunting." The stalking is a complex behavioral pattern characterized by the repeated imposition of contacts and / or unwanted communication to the victim, it may give rise to concern. The stalking involves harassment that have continuity over time and that may affect social functioning and psychological well-being of the victim.
the early eighties, involved mainly show business personalities. During the first half of the 90s involved the scientific interest of leading experts in the field of forensic psychiatry and forensic pathologist, which Area, Meloy and Galeazzi, Aramini in Italy.
The stalker
nosographic Despite the unitary label provided by our medical sector, in practice it is not possible to speak of an equally unique persecutory conduct of their stalker.
The stalker will set up an illegal behavior that varies from case to case. This is generally a male individual who chooses a female victim with which it is highly probable that a previous romantic relationship. The stalker may be anyone, since stalker is not synonymous with mental illness. However, you may encounter in some cases the existence of a syndrome
( harassment assilanti syndrome), compared with etiological harassment.
The definition of harassment assilanti syndrome - recently proposed by authoritative voices (Galeazzi, Curci, 2002) - refers to a syndromic picture related disease and the relationship of communication, picture, therefore, raises the focus of the abuser-victim relationship.
have been identified two possible definitions of the stalker, that of "not delusional or borderline erotomania" and that of "obsessional followers"
In the first case - a borderline erotomania - the persistent harassment against the victim - with the stalker who normally had a romantic relationship-configure an attempt to defend the narcissistic injury elicited neglect.
In the second case - obsessive pursuers - the obsessions represent the element that pushes the fundamental characteristic acts as a stalker stalk, stalk, follow, wandering around the victim.
Additional data from the literature detect among stalkers high prevalence rates of personality disorders
mode of action of the stalker
The most commonly used in stalking is, especially early on, the phone call. Follow the stalking, the "casually" in the workplace, or at least in places frequented by the victim, whose space relational, professional and personal conquest of the land becomes the stalker.
Technological progress has also created space for stalking via the Internet, a
communication system that makes it more difficult to identify the offender.
The repeated refusals by the victim can cause the stalker to aggressive manifestations, sexual violence and, in extreme cases, murder.
According to Meloy (2000), the murder occurs in less than 2% of cases the stalker and murderess is generally a former partner refused, knives and guns are the means used more damaging.
violence in stalking is generally referred to as "emotional", characterized by fear and anger in the face of fear of an immediate threat, rarely, violence in stalking was premeditated, and in these cases, the high probability of a molester in sociopathy
psychological state of the victim
The victim, after the event, experiencing a serious mental deterioration that leads her to lead a life more serene, due to concerns generated by harassing harassment.
Le pazienti manifestano il ricorrente timore per l’incolumità propria e dei propri cari. Il timore sfocia nel bisogno estremo di alterare le proprie abitudini di vita per sottrarsi alle minacce sempre più stringenti .
La vittima sperimenta un trauma vero e proprio con sintomi come ansia, insonnia, e altri vari quadri sintomatologici tipici di un Disturbo Post Traumatico da Stress.
La vittima colpita da tale disturbo ripercorre l’evento traumatico attraverso sogni spiacevoli, ricordi ricorrenti ed intrusivi come se il fatto si stesse ripresentando; ne consegue intense psychological distress and stressful.
It is necessary, therefore, a psychological support that aims to help the patient to find himself and his dignity, removing that guilt and shame that often shortly after the test ' event.
Dr. Daphne Guandalini
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